Matheau is a name of French origin, derived from the Latin name Matthias, which means 'gift of God'. It is a variant spelling of Mathieu, also of French origin. The name Matheau gained popularity in France during the 20th century and has since become quite common there. It is typically used for boys but can also be given to girls in some cases. In English-speaking countries, Matheau is less commonly used compared to its variant spellings such as Matthew or Mathieu.
The name Mathéu was most popular between 1987 and 1991 with an average of six births per year during that period. There were notable spikes in popularity in 1993 and 1997, with nine births each year. Overall, there were a total of sixty-seven babies named Mathéu born between 1980 and 1997.