Maithili, originating from the Sanskrit word 'Maitreyi', means 'friendly' or 'having a friendly nature'. It is of Indian origin and is predominantly used as a female given name in various cultures, particularly in India, Nepal, and among Indo-Caribbean communities. Maithili is also the name of an ancient Indian language that was once widely spoken in what is now Bihar state, lending further cultural significance to the name. In some instances, Maithili may also be used as a surname. The name has gained international recognition due to notable figures such as Maithili Sharan Gupt, a renowned Indian poet, and Maithili Borah, an Indian film actress.
The name Maithili was relatively uncommon during these years, with a total of 28 births spread out over three different periods: an initial surge between 2003 and 2005, followed by a gap until 2011, and then another uptick in 2016.